[
 {
  "country": "ES",
  "purpose": "citizenship (residence route)",
  "level": "A2 (DELE A2 or higher) + CCSE civic test",
  "legal_ref": "Codigo Civil art. 22; Reglamento RD 1004/2015 art. 6 (amended by RD 1049/2020); Orden JUS/1625/2016. Art.6 content confirmed only via secondary summaries (BOE consolidated text not read).",
  "legal_url": "https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1889-4763",
  "exam": "DELE A2",
  "exam_url": "https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/dele",
  "sessions": [
   {
    "date": "2027-02-12",
    "registration_deadline": "2027-01-07",
    "city_or_scope": "International (centre dependent)",
    "url": "https://www.aporeldele.com/en/blog/dele-exam-dates-2027",
    "note": "SECONDARY source, not official: aporeldele.com blog; Cervantes calendar unreachable"
   },
   {
    "date": "2027-04-02",
    "registration_deadline": "2027-02-10",
    "city_or_scope": "same",
    "url": "https://www.aporeldele.com/en/blog/dele-exam-dates-2027",
    "note": "SECONDARY source, not official: as above"
   },
   {
    "date": "2027-05-22",
    "registration_deadline": "2027-04-07",
    "city_or_scope": "same",
    "url": "https://www.aporeldele.com/en/blog/dele-exam-dates-2027",
    "note": "SECONDARY source, not official: as above"
   },
   {
    "date": "2027-07-09",
    "registration_deadline": "2027-05-12",
    "city_or_scope": "same",
    "url": "https://www.aporeldele.com/en/blog/dele-exam-dates-2027",
    "note": "SECONDARY source, not official: as above"
   },
   {
    "date": "2027-09-10",
    "registration_deadline": "2027-07-14",
    "city_or_scope": "same",
    "url": "https://www.aporeldele.com/en/blog/dele-exam-dates-2027",
    "note": "SECONDARY source, not official: as above"
   },
   {
    "date": "2027-10-15",
    "registration_deadline": "2027-09-01",
    "city_or_scope": "same",
    "url": "https://www.aporeldele.com/en/blog/dele-exam-dates-2027",
    "note": "SECONDARY source, not official: as above"
   },
   {
    "date": "2027-11-13",
    "registration_deadline": "2027-09-29",
    "city_or_scope": "same",
    "url": "https://www.aporeldele.com/en/blog/dele-exam-dates-2027",
    "note": "SECONDARY source, not official: as above"
   }
  ],
  "fee_eur": "unverified",
  "format": "4 skills (reading, writing, listening, speaking) - unverified from official page",
  "results_days": "unverified",
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "Instituto Cervantes - DELE exam preparation (page unreachable 2026-10-19: site in maintenance, unverified)",
    "url": "https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/dele/preparar-prueba"
   },
   {
    "title": "Instituto Cervantes - CCSE preparation and official manual (unverified, site in maintenance)",
    "url": "https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/ccse/preparar-prueba"
   },
   {
    "title": "Centro Virtual Cervantes - Spanish teaching resources (unverified)",
    "url": "https://cvc.cervantes.es/"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "Cervantes exam site redirected to maintenance page on 2026-10-19; every DELE/CCSE detail from official Cervantes pages is UNVERIFIED. Session dates for 2027 are from a commercial blog. Registration reportedly opens 2026-11-18 (secondary). Nov-Dec 2026 DELE sessions: unverified (not found).",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "ES",
  "purpose": "citizenship (residence route)",
  "level": "CCSE (civic/cultural test), pass = 15 of 25 correct (secondary)",
  "legal_ref": "RD 1004/2015 art. 6; Orden JUS/1625/2016",
  "legal_url": null,
  "exam": "CCSE",
  "exam_url": "https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/ccse/preparar-prueba",
  "sessions": [
   {
    "date": "2026-11-26",
    "registration_deadline": "unverified",
    "city_or_scope": "Cervantes centres / online",
    "url": "https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/ccse/preparar-prueba",
    "note": "SECONDARY source, not official: mirror of Cervantes 2026 list found by search; CCSE 2027 dates unverified"
   }
  ],
  "fee_eur": 85,
  "format": "25 questions, 45 minutes (secondary)",
  "results_days": "unverified",
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "Instituto Cervantes - DELE exam preparation (page unreachable 2026-10-19: site in maintenance, unverified)",
    "url": "https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/dele/preparar-prueba"
   },
   {
    "title": "Instituto Cervantes - CCSE preparation and official manual (unverified, site in maintenance)",
    "url": "https://examenes.cervantes.es/es/ccse/preparar-prueba"
   },
   {
    "title": "Centro Virtual Cervantes - Spanish teaching resources (unverified)",
    "url": "https://cvc.cervantes.es/"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "Fee 85 EUR for 2026 from secondary guide, unverified; 2027 dates not found.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "ES",
  "purpose": "long-term residence / permanent residence",
  "level": "unverified",
  "legal_ref": "No CEFR requirement found in sources consulted; Reglamento de Extranjeria (RD 1155/2024) not checked",
  "legal_url": null,
  "exam": "none found",
  "exam_url": null,
  "sessions": [],
  "fee_eur": null,
  "format": null,
  "results_days": null,
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "UNVERIFIED: I did not confirm whether any language test applies.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "PT",
  "purpose": "citizenship (naturalisation)",
  "level": "A2 (CIPLE) or equivalent; additional culture/democratic values test per 2026 law (regulation pending, secondary)",
  "legal_ref": "Lei Organica n.1/2026 (DR n.95/2026 Serie I, 18 May 2026, in force 19 May) amending Lei da Nacionalidade 37/81 and Regulamento da Nacionalidade - SECONDARY sources only; DRE text not read. Residence period 7y (EU/CPLP) / 10y others (secondary).",
  "legal_url": null,
  "exam": "CIPLE (A2, CAPLE)",
  "exam_url": "https://caple.letras.ulisboa.pt/exames",
  "sessions": [
   {
    "date": "2026-11-05",
    "registration_deadline": "2026-10-20",
    "city_or_scope": "International (abroad) centres, not Portugal national calendar",
    "url": "https://caple.letras.ulisboa.pt/img/A_CalendarioInternacional.png",
    "note": "Official CAPLE 2026 calendar image: session 2603, results 2027-01-14, diplomas 2027-02-11, re-evaluation 2027-02-18"
   },
   {
    "date": "2027",
    "registration_deadline": "unverified",
    "city_or_scope": "2027 calendar not yet published on CAPLE site as of 2026-10-19",
    "url": "https://caple.letras.ulisboa.pt/epocas",
    "note": "unverified"
   }
  ],
  "fee_eur": "unverified",
  "format": "Written + oral parts (reading, writing, listening, speaking); pass 55/100 with min 11 per section (secondary)",
  "results_days": 70,
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "CAPLE - Exames (exam descriptions, official)",
    "url": "https://caple.letras.ulisboa.pt/exames"
   },
   {
    "title": "CAPLE - Inscricao no exame (official, includes centre list)",
    "url": "https://caple.letras.ulisboa.pt/inscricao"
   },
   {
    "title": "CAPLE - Epocas (calendar images, official)",
    "url": "https://caple.letras.ulisboa.pt/epocas"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "In-Portugal 2026 national calendar (CAPLE image, official): last session 2026-10-17 (registration closed 05/10), i.e. BEFORE the Nov 2026 window; results 10/12/2026. Next national dates (2027) unverified. Results days: 2026-11-05 -> 2027-01-14 = 70 days (official calendar). Fee unverified (set by each centre). Exemption for CPLP nationals reported by secondary sources.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "PT",
  "purpose": "permanent residence",
  "level": "unverified (A2 commonly cited)",
  "legal_ref": "Lei 23/2007 - not checked",
  "legal_url": null,
  "exam": "CIPLE or equivalent",
  "exam_url": null,
  "sessions": [],
  "fee_eur": null,
  "format": null,
  "results_days": null,
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "CAPLE - Exames (exam descriptions, official)",
    "url": "https://caple.letras.ulisboa.pt/exames"
   },
   {
    "title": "CAPLE - Inscricao no exame (official, includes centre list)",
    "url": "https://caple.letras.ulisboa.pt/inscricao"
   },
   {
    "title": "CAPLE - Epocas (calendar images, official)",
    "url": "https://caple.letras.ulisboa.pt/epocas"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "UNVERIFIED.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "PT",
  "purpose": "long-term residence",
  "level": "unverified",
  "legal_ref": "not checked",
  "legal_url": null,
  "exam": "n/a",
  "exam_url": null,
  "sessions": [],
  "fee_eur": null,
  "format": null,
  "results_days": null,
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "UNVERIFIED.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "DE",
  "purpose": "citizenship",
  "level": "B1",
  "legal_ref": "Par. 10 Abs.1 S.1 Nr.6 and Abs.4 StAG (B1 standard verified in statute text). Par. 10 Abs.3 (3-year fast-track) repealed effective 2025-10-30 per Landkreis Freising PDF/secondary; 5-year residence standard.",
  "legal_url": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/stag/__10.html",
  "exam": "Goethe-Zertifikat B1 / telc Deutsch B1 / DTZ (B1) / Integrationskurs certificate",
  "exam_url": "https://www.goethe.de/de/spr/pru/gzb1.html",
  "sessions": [
   {
    "date": "2026-11-02",
    "registration_deadline": "unverified",
    "city_or_scope": "Munich (Goethe-Institut)",
    "url": "https://www.goethe.de/ins/de/de/prf/ort/mue/gzb1.cfm",
    "note": "Date from search snippet of goethe.de page; page returns 403 to fetch tools; unverified"
   },
   {
    "date": "2026-11-10",
    "registration_deadline": "unverified",
    "city_or_scope": "Goettingen",
    "url": "https://www.goethe.de/ins/de/de/prf/ort/goe/gzb1.cfm",
    "note": "snippet only; unverified"
   },
   {
    "date": "2026-11-30",
    "registration_deadline": "unverified",
    "city_or_scope": "Frankfurt",
    "url": "https://www.goethe.de/ins/de/de/prf/ort/fra/gzb1.cfm",
    "note": "snippet only; unverified"
   },
   {
    "date": "2026-12-04",
    "registration_deadline": "unverified",
    "city_or_scope": "Frankfurt/Hamburg",
    "url": "https://www.goethe.de/ins/de/de/prf/ort/fra/gzb1.cfm",
    "note": "snippet only; unverified"
   },
   {
    "date": "2027",
    "registration_deadline": "unverified",
    "city_or_scope": "Germany Goethe centres: 2027 dates not found",
    "url": null,
    "note": "unverified"
   }
  ],
  "fee_eur": 259,
  "format": "Goethe B1: reading, listening, writing, speaking (modular). 259 EUR adults / 207.20 reduced from goethe.de city-page snippets - unverified by fetch",
  "results_days": "unverified",
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "Goethe-Institut free practice materials (page returned 403 to curl; unverified)",
    "url": "https://www.goethe.de/de/spr/ueb.html"
   },
   {
    "title": "BAMF - Abschlusspruefung Integrationskurs (DTZ/Test; fetched OK)",
    "url": "https://www.bamf.de/DE/Themen/Integration/TraegerLehrFachkraefte/TraegerIntegrationskurse/Paedagogisches/Abschusspruefung/abschlusspruefung.html"
   },
   {
    "title": "BAMF - Einbuergerung (listed in search; not fetched)",
    "url": "https://www.bamf.de/DE/Themen/Integration/ZugewanderteTeilnehmende/Einbuergerung/einbuergerung-node.html"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "Goethe/telc/BAMF pages mostly blocked (403/404) from this environment. DTZ: offered roughly every 14 days at licensed centres, written+oral within 7 days (BAMF/telc 2021 doc via search). VGH Munchen 20.03.2026 - 5 ZB 23.2060: B1 certificate is only indicative; authorities may test speaking (secondary). B1 definition: Par.2 Abs.11 AufenthG.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "DE",
  "purpose": "permanent residence (Niederlassungserlaubnis)",
  "level": "B1",
  "legal_ref": "Par. 9 Abs.2 S.1 Nr.7 AufenthG ('ausreichende Kenntnisse'); Par. 2 Abs.11 AufenthG defines 'ausreichende' = B1 (both texts read on gesetze-im-internet.de). Integrationskurs completion is proof (Par.9 Abs.2 S.2).",
  "legal_url": "https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/aufenthg_2004/__9.html",
  "exam": "DTZ / Goethe B1 / telc B1 / Integrationskurs",
  "exam_url": "https://www.bamf.de/DE/Themen/Integration/TraegerLehrFachkraefte/TraegerIntegrationskurse/Paedagogisches/Abschusspruefung/abschlusspruefung.html",
  "sessions": [],
  "fee_eur": null,
  "format": "DTZ: written + oral",
  "results_days": null,
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "Goethe-Institut free practice materials (page returned 403 to curl; unverified)",
    "url": "https://www.goethe.de/de/spr/ueb.html"
   },
   {
    "title": "BAMF - Abschlusspruefung Integrationskurs (DTZ/Test; fetched OK)",
    "url": "https://www.bamf.de/DE/Themen/Integration/TraegerLehrFachkraefte/TraegerIntegrationskurse/Paedagogisches/Abschusspruefung/abschlusspruefung.html"
   },
   {
    "title": "BAMF - Einbuergerung (listed in search; not fetched)",
    "url": "https://www.bamf.de/DE/Themen/Integration/ZugewanderteTeilnehmende/Einbuergerung/einbuergerung-node.html"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "Sessions: see citizenship row/unverified. Par.9a (EU long-term residence) not checked.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "DE",
  "purpose": "long-term residence (Daueraufenthalt-EU, par.9a)",
  "level": "unverified (likely B1 via par.2 Abs.11)",
  "legal_ref": "Par. 9a AufenthG - not read",
  "legal_url": null,
  "exam": "as above",
  "exam_url": null,
  "sessions": [],
  "fee_eur": null,
  "format": null,
  "results_days": null,
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "UNVERIFIED.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "FR",
  "purpose": "long-term residence (carte de sejour pluriannuelle)",
  "level": "A2 (from 2026-01-01; 2026 reform)",
  "legal_ref": "Loi n.2024-42 du 26 janvier 2024 (immigration/integration), in force for these levels 2026-01-01 (per FEI news via search snippet and press); Decret n.2025-648 du 15 juillet 2025 amending Decret 93-1362 (naturalisation) - listed on service-public.gouv.fr F2213",
  "legal_url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/actualites/nouveautes-tcf-irn",
  "exam": "TCF IRN (France Education international); DELF/DALF also accepted",
  "exam_url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/tcf-irn",
  "sessions": [
   {
    "date": "unverified",
    "registration_deadline": "unverified",
    "city_or_scope": "TCF IRN sessions are held at approved centres; no central calendar retrieved",
    "url": null,
    "note": "unverified"
   }
  ],
  "fee_eur": "unverified",
  "format": "TCF IRN: listening, reading, speaking (+ writing from B1 level assessment up to B2 since 2025-05-12 per FEI snippet); civic exam also required for naturalisation (Arrete 10 Oct 2025)",
  "results_days": "unverified",
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "France Education international - TCF IRN (page fetched; tiny JS shell)",
    "url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/tcf-irn"
   },
   {
    "title": "France Education international - Nouveautes TCF IRN (news; blocked to WebFetch)",
    "url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/actualites/nouveautes-tcf-irn"
   },
   {
    "title": "Ministere de l'Interieur - formation civique / examen civique (unverified)",
    "url": "https://www.immigration.interieur.gouv.fr/"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "FEI site blocked (ERR-BOT-403 via WebFetch). Level thresholds from FEI snippet and press, NOT read from Legifrance. service-public F2213 says only 'connaissance suffisante' and does not name the level. Transitional: B1 attestations valid until decree promulgated for naturalisation (FEI snippet, outdated).",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "FR",
  "purpose": "permanent residence (carte de resident)",
  "level": "B1 (from 2026-01-01; 2026 reform)",
  "legal_ref": "Loi n.2024-42 du 26 janvier 2024 (immigration/integration), in force for these levels 2026-01-01 (per FEI news via search snippet and press); Decret n.2025-648 du 15 juillet 2025 amending Decret 93-1362 (naturalisation) - listed on service-public.gouv.fr F2213",
  "legal_url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/actualites/nouveautes-tcf-irn",
  "exam": "TCF IRN (France Education international); DELF/DALF also accepted",
  "exam_url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/tcf-irn",
  "sessions": [
   {
    "date": "unverified",
    "registration_deadline": "unverified",
    "city_or_scope": "TCF IRN sessions are held at approved centres; no central calendar retrieved",
    "url": null,
    "note": "unverified"
   }
  ],
  "fee_eur": "unverified",
  "format": "TCF IRN: listening, reading, speaking (+ writing from B1 level assessment up to B2 since 2025-05-12 per FEI snippet); civic exam also required for naturalisation (Arrete 10 Oct 2025)",
  "results_days": "unverified",
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "France Education international - TCF IRN (page fetched; tiny JS shell)",
    "url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/tcf-irn"
   },
   {
    "title": "France Education international - Nouveautes TCF IRN (news; blocked to WebFetch)",
    "url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/actualites/nouveautes-tcf-irn"
   },
   {
    "title": "Ministere de l'Interieur - formation civique / examen civique (unverified)",
    "url": "https://www.immigration.interieur.gouv.fr/"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "FEI site blocked (ERR-BOT-403 via WebFetch). Level thresholds from FEI snippet and press, NOT read from Legifrance. service-public F2213 says only 'connaissance suffisante' and does not name the level. Transitional: B1 attestations valid until decree promulgated for naturalisation (FEI snippet, outdated).",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "FR",
  "purpose": "citizenship (naturalisation)",
  "level": "B2 (from 2026-01-01; 2026 reform)",
  "legal_ref": "Loi n.2024-42 du 26 janvier 2024 (immigration/integration), in force for these levels 2026-01-01 (per FEI news via search snippet and press); Decret n.2025-648 du 15 juillet 2025 amending Decret 93-1362 (naturalisation) - listed on service-public.gouv.fr F2213",
  "legal_url": "https://www.service-public.gouv.fr/particuliers/vosdroits/F2213",
  "exam": "TCF IRN (France Education international); DELF/DALF also accepted",
  "exam_url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/tcf-irn",
  "sessions": [
   {
    "date": "unverified",
    "registration_deadline": "unverified",
    "city_or_scope": "TCF IRN sessions are held at approved centres; no central calendar retrieved",
    "url": null,
    "note": "unverified"
   }
  ],
  "fee_eur": "unverified",
  "format": "TCF IRN: listening, reading, speaking (+ writing from B1 level assessment up to B2 since 2025-05-12 per FEI snippet); civic exam also required for naturalisation (Arrete 10 Oct 2025)",
  "results_days": "unverified",
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "France Education international - TCF IRN (page fetched; tiny JS shell)",
    "url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/tcf-irn"
   },
   {
    "title": "France Education international - Nouveautes TCF IRN (news; blocked to WebFetch)",
    "url": "https://www.france-education-international.fr/actualites/nouveautes-tcf-irn"
   },
   {
    "title": "Ministere de l'Interieur - formation civique / examen civique (unverified)",
    "url": "https://www.immigration.interieur.gouv.fr/"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "FEI site blocked (ERR-BOT-403 via WebFetch). Level thresholds from FEI snippet and press, NOT read from Legifrance. service-public F2213 says only 'connaissance suffisante' and does not name the level. Transitional: B1 attestations valid until decree promulgated for naturalisation (FEI snippet, outdated).",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "IT",
  "purpose": "citizenship",
  "level": "B1",
  "legal_ref": "Legge 91/1992 art. 9.1 (introduced by DL 113/2018 conv. L.132/2018); applies to applications from 2018-12-04; recognised bodies CILS, CELI, PLIDA, ele.IT/Roma Tre or CPIA (Prefettura / IIC pages via search)",
  "legal_url": "https://www.normattiva.it/uri-res/N2Ls?urn:nir:stato:legge:1992-02-05;91",
  "exam": "CILS Uno B1 (Siena); alternatives CELI 2 (Perugia), PLIDA B1 (Dante), ele.IT (Roma Tre)",
  "exam_url": "https://cils.unistrasi.it/",
  "sessions": [
   {
    "date": "2026-12-03",
    "registration_deadline": "2026-10-24",
    "city_or_scope": "CILS centres worldwide (Siena)",
    "url": "https://cils.unistrasi.it/1/211/415/Le_date_degli_esami_2026.htm",
    "note": "Official CILS 2026 page; level 'B1 standard'. Which B1 variant is accepted for cittadinanza (B1 cittadinanza) not confirmed"
   },
   {
    "date": "2027-06-10",
    "registration_deadline": "2027-05-01",
    "city_or_scope": "CILS centres worldwide (Siena)",
    "url": "https://cils.unistrasi.it/1/213/428/Le_date_degli_esami_2027.htm",
    "note": "Official CILS dates page"
   },
   {
    "date": "2027-12-02",
    "registration_deadline": "2027-10-23",
    "city_or_scope": "CILS centres worldwide (Siena)",
    "url": "https://cils.unistrasi.it/1/213/428/Le_date_degli_esami_2027.htm",
    "note": "Official CILS dates page"
   }
  ],
  "fee_eur": "unverified",
  "format": "CILS: ascolto, lettura, scrittura, parlato (see Le_prove page)",
  "results_days": "unverified",
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "CILS - Come prepararsi agli esami CILS (official)",
    "url": "https://cils.unistrasi.it/1/100/52/Come_prepararsi_agli_esami_CILS.htm"
   },
   {
    "title": "CILS - Le prove (exam format, official)",
    "url": "https://cils.unistrasi.it/1/83/15/Le_prove.htm"
   },
   {
    "title": "PLIDA - Dante Alighieri exam site (official)",
    "url": "https://plida.dante.global/"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "CILS dates/deadlines verified from cils.unistrasi.it. Other B1 CILS date list: B1 'C' variant has more sessions (2027: 18 Feb, 8 Apr, 10 Jun, 22 Jul, 21 Oct, 2 Dec; deadlines 18 Jan, 8 Mar, 1 May, 22 Jun, 21 Sep, 23 Oct). CELI and PLIDA calendars not read (PLIDA 2026 calendar PDF unreadable; 2027 not found). Fees unverified. Normattiva text not scanned for art. 9.1 wording.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "IT",
  "purpose": "long-term residence (permesso UE lungo periodo)",
  "level": "A2",
  "legal_ref": "D.Lgs. 286/1998 art. 9 c.2-bis (L.94/2009); DM 4 giugno 2010 test procedure (Prefettura PDF via search)",
  "legal_url": "https://prefettura.interno.gov.it/sites/default/files/75/2024-08/decreto-4.6.2010-modalita-di-svolgimento.pdf",
  "exam": "Italian A2 test at Prefettura or A2 certificate (CILS A2, CELI 1, PLIDA A2) ",
  "exam_url": null,
  "sessions": [],
  "fee_eur": null,
  "format": "Computer test at Prefettura (secondary)",
  "results_days": "unverified",
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "CILS - Come prepararsi agli esami CILS (official)",
    "url": "https://cils.unistrasi.it/1/100/52/Come_prepararsi_agli_esami_CILS.htm"
   },
   {
    "title": "CILS - Le prove (exam format, official)",
    "url": "https://cils.unistrasi.it/1/83/15/Le_prove.htm"
   },
   {
    "title": "PLIDA - Dante Alighieri exam site (official)",
    "url": "https://plida.dante.global/"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "Fee for A2 test: unverified. A2 CILS dates: 2027 Apr 8, Jun 10, Oct 21, Dec 2 (A2 standard), deadlines per citizenship row.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "IT",
  "purpose": "permanent residence",
  "level": "unverified",
  "legal_ref": "see long-term residence",
  "legal_url": null,
  "exam": "see above",
  "exam_url": null,
  "sessions": [],
  "fee_eur": null,
  "format": null,
  "results_days": null,
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "CILS - Come prepararsi agli esami CILS (official)",
    "url": "https://cils.unistrasi.it/1/100/52/Come_prepararsi_agli_esami_CILS.htm"
   },
   {
    "title": "CILS - Le prove (exam format, official)",
    "url": "https://cils.unistrasi.it/1/83/15/Le_prove.htm"
   },
   {
    "title": "PLIDA - Dante Alighieri exam site (official)",
    "url": "https://plida.dante.global/"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "Same as permesso UE lungo periodo.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "NL",
  "purpose": "integration obligation (residence) - Wet inburgering 2021",
  "level": "B1 route (B1 speaking and writing within 3 years); onderwijsroute B1+; Z-route A1",
  "legal_ref": "Wet inburgering 2021 (applies to obligees from 2022-01-01), Rijksoverheid page",
  "legal_url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/themas/migratie-en-reizen/inburgeren-in-nederland/nieuwe-wet-inburgering",
  "exam": "Inburgeringsexamen (DUO): KNM, ONA/MAP, Lezen, Luisteren, Schrijven, Spreken",
  "exam_url": "https://www.inburgeren.nl/",
  "sessions": [
   {
    "date": "rolling",
    "registration_deadline": "n/a",
    "city_or_scope": "DUO books individual exam dates; no central calendar found",
    "url": null,
    "note": "unverified"
   }
  ],
  "fee_eur": 250,
  "format": "Parts: Lezen, Luisteren, Schrijven, Spreken, KNM (+ ONA/MAP) - 250 EUR for full set per 2021-era secondary sources, unverified",
  "results_days": "unverified",
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "Inburgeren.nl (DUO) - Oefenen voor examens (official; subpage path unverified)",
    "url": "https://www.inburgeren.nl/"
   },
   {
    "title": "Rijksoverheid - Nieuwe Wet inburgering (fetched OK)",
    "url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/themas/migratie-en-reizen/inburgeren-in-nederland/nieuwe-wet-inburgering"
   },
   {
    "title": "DUO Inburgeren - Examen doen (aanmelden, oefenen, uitslag)",
    "url": "https://www.inburgeren.nl/"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "inburgeren.nl homepage (fetched) notes on 2026-10-19 that Spreken A2 and Schrijven A2 results currently take longer. Fee, wait time, A2/B1 level split not verified from official page (exam subpages 404). Naturalisation language level (A2) not verified.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "NL",
  "purpose": "citizenship (naturalisation)",
  "level": "unverified (A2 commonly cited)",
  "legal_ref": "Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap / IND - not verified (ind.nl page 404)",
  "legal_url": null,
  "exam": "Inburgeringsexamen / Staatsexamen NT2 / diploma",
  "exam_url": null,
  "sessions": [],
  "fee_eur": null,
  "format": null,
  "results_days": null,
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [
   {
    "title": "Inburgeren.nl (DUO) - Oefenen voor examens (official; subpage path unverified)",
    "url": "https://www.inburgeren.nl/"
   },
   {
    "title": "Rijksoverheid - Nieuwe Wet inburgering (fetched OK)",
    "url": "https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/themas/migratie-en-reizen/inburgeren-in-nederland/nieuwe-wet-inburgering"
   },
   {
    "title": "DUO Inburgeren - Examen doen (aanmelden, oefenen, uitslag)",
    "url": "https://www.inburgeren.nl/"
   }
  ],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "UNVERIFIED.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 },
 {
  "country": "NL",
  "purpose": "permanent residence",
  "level": "unverified",
  "legal_ref": "not checked",
  "legal_url": null,
  "exam": "n/a",
  "exam_url": null,
  "sessions": [],
  "fee_eur": null,
  "format": null,
  "results_days": null,
  "pass_rate": null,
  "pass_rate_url": null,
  "prep": [],
  "verified": "2026-10-19",
  "notes": "UNVERIFIED.",
  "verified_status": "partial - see notes"
 }
]